Passive: to be done to is a JLPT N3 grammar point. The subject undergoes the action; the doer takes に. Structure: V-godan : a-ligne + れる (読む→読まれる) ・ V-ichidan : られる. This page explains the construction, gives Japanese examples with furigana readings, and links to related grammar points at this level.

Passive: to be done to

Structure

V-godan : a-ligne + れる (読む→読まれる) ・ V-ichidan : られる

Explanation

Godan verbs shift to the a-line + れる (ふむ→ふまれる), ichidan verbs take られる (食べる→食べられる). The person affected becomes the subject and the doer takes に: 先生に ほめられました “I was praised by the teacher”. Japanese also has an “adversative” passive for annoyances: 雨に ふられました “I got rained on”.

Examples

I was praised by my teacher.

Someone stepped on my foot in the train.

Quiz preview

  • ほめられました ✓
  • ほめました
  • ほめさせました
  • ほめていました

The doer takes に → passive られる: “I was praised by the teacher”.

  • ふまれました ✓
  • ふみました
  • ふませました
  • ふれました

Godan ふむ → a-line + れる = ふまれる: “I got my foot stepped on”.

More N3 grammar points

〜はず: should / be expected to〜ば〜ほど: the more… the more〜ところ: about to / in the middle of / just didCausative: make / let someone do〜のに: although / even though〜ようになる: change of state〜らしい: hearsay / typicality〜ことになる/ことにする: decisions〜おかげで/〜せいで: thanks to / because of〜として: as / in the role of〜うちに: while / before it changes

See all N3 points →