Potential form (“can do”) is a JLPT N4 grammar point. Says you are able to do something (ability or possibility). Structure: Godan: 〜u → 〜eru ・ Ichidan: 〜る → 〜られる ・ する → できる. This page explains the construction, gives Japanese examples with furigana readings, and links to related grammar points at this level.

Potential form (“can do”)

Structure

Godan: 〜u → 〜eru ・ Ichidan: 〜る → 〜られる ・ する → できる

Explanation

The potential form means “can / be able to”. For godan verbs, change the final -u to -eru (話す → 話せる); for ichidan, replace る with られる (食べる → 食べられる); する becomes できる. The object often takes が instead of を.

Examples

I can speak a little Japanese.

Can you read kanji?

Quiz preview

  • せ ✓

Potential form of 話す is 話せる: “I can speak a little Japanese.”

  • め ✓

Potential form of a godan verb: the -u row becomes -e (読みます → 読めます “can read”).

More N4 grammar points

〜なければならない: must / have to〜たことがある: have done before〜ながら: while doing〜たら: if / when〜てもいい: permission〜かもしれない: maybe〜てはいけない: must not〜と思います: I think that…〜つもりです: to intend to〜たり〜たりする: doing things like…〜てしまう: completely / regrettably

See all N4 points →